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Instrument
Provision
Text
45(1)(b)
Access to vocational guidance and training institutions and services, provided that requirements for participation are met.
28(1)(b)
States Parties recognize the right of the child to education, and with a view to achieving this right progressively and on the basis of equal opportunity, they shall, in particular:
(b) Encourage the development of different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, make them available and accessible to every child, and take appropriate measures such as the introduction of free education and offering financial assistance in case of need.
(b) Encourage the development of different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, make them available and accessible to every child, and take appropriate measures such as the introduction of free education and offering financial assistance in case of need.
P38
All detained migrants must be treated humanely and with respect for their inherent dignity. The conditions of their detention must be humane, appropriate and respectful, noting the non-punitive character of the detention in the course of migration proceedings.
42
Every juvenile should have the right to receive vocational training in occupations likely to prepare him or her for future employment.
44
All protective national and international standards applicable to child labour and young workers should apply to juveniles deprived of their liberty.
37
Juvenile female prisoners shall have equal access to education and vocational training that are available to juvenile male prisoners.
15
Technical and vocational education (TVE) forms part of both the right to education and the right to work (art. 6(2)). Article 13(2)(b) presents TVE as part of secondary education, reflecting the particular importance of TVE at this level of education. Article 6(2), however, does not refer to TVE in relation to a specific level of education; it comprehends that TVE has a wider role, helping 'to achieve steady economic, social and cultural development and full and productive employment'. Also, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that “[t]echnical and professional education shall be made generally available” (art. 26(1)). Accordingly, the Committee takes the view that TVE forms an integral element of all levels of education.
16
An introduction to technology and to the world of work should not be confined to specific TVE programmes but should be understood as a component of general education. According to the UNESCO Convention on Technical and Vocational Education (1989), TVE consists of 'all forms and levels of the educational process involving, in addition to general knowledge, the study of technologies and related sciences and the acquisition of practical skills, know-how, attitudes and understanding relating to occupations in the various sectors of economic and social life' (art. 1(a)).
This view is also reflected in certain ILO Conventions. Understood in this way, the right to TVE includes the following aspects: (a) It enables students to acquire knowledge and skills which contribute to their personal development, self-reliance and employability and enhances the productivity of their families and communities, including the State party’s economic and social development; (b) It takes account of the educational, cultural and social background of the population concerned; the skills, knowledge and levels of qualification needed in the various sectors of the economy; and occupational health, safety and welfare; (c) Provides retraining for adults whose current knowledge and skills have become obsolete owing to technological, economic, employment, social or other changes; (d) It consists of programmes which give students, especially those from developing countries, the opportunity to receive TVE in other States, with a view to the appropriate transfer and adaptation of technology; (e) It consists, in the context of the Covenant’s non-discrimination and equality provisions, of programmes which promote the TVE of women, girls, out-of-school youth, unemployed youth, the children of migrant workers, refugees, persons with disabilities and other disadvantaged groups.
This view is also reflected in certain ILO Conventions. Understood in this way, the right to TVE includes the following aspects: (a) It enables students to acquire knowledge and skills which contribute to their personal development, self-reliance and employability and enhances the productivity of their families and communities, including the State party’s economic and social development; (b) It takes account of the educational, cultural and social background of the population concerned; the skills, knowledge and levels of qualification needed in the various sectors of the economy; and occupational health, safety and welfare; (c) Provides retraining for adults whose current knowledge and skills have become obsolete owing to technological, economic, employment, social or other changes; (d) It consists of programmes which give students, especially those from developing countries, the opportunity to receive TVE in other States, with a view to the appropriate transfer and adaptation of technology; (e) It consists, in the context of the Covenant’s non-discrimination and equality provisions, of programmes which promote the TVE of women, girls, out-of-school youth, unemployed youth, the children of migrant workers, refugees, persons with disabilities and other disadvantaged groups.